在 .net 紧凑框架中将图像转换为 1 bpp 位图

问题描述

我有一个签名的图像，我试图将其另存为 1 bpp 位图以节省文件空间.完整的 .NET Framework 具有枚举 PixelFormat.Format1bppIndexed，但 .NET Compact Framework 不支持它.

I have an image of a signature I am trying to save as 1 bpp bitmap to save file space. The full .NET Framework has the enum PixelFormat.Format1bppIndexed, but the .NET Compact Framework does not supported it.

是否有人发现了在 Windows Mobile 中实现此目的的方法?

Has any one discovered a way to accomplish this in Windows Mobile?

推荐答案

感谢您为我指明了正确的方向，ctacke.我无法使用 Bitmap 类来保存图像数据.它不断地抛出一个 OutOfMemoryException.我使用 BinaryWriter 写出位图，就像你建议的那样.

Thanks for pointing me in the right direction, ctacke. I was unable to use the Bitmap class to save the image data. It continually threw an OutOfMemoryException. I resorted to writing the bitmap out using a BinaryWriter, like you suggested.

我的最终解决方案返回一个字节数组，您可以使用该数组选择写入磁盘、保存到数据库、传输等.

My end solution returns a byte array, with which you can choose to write to disk, save to a database, transmit, etc.

class ImageHelper
{
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct BITMAPINFOHEADER
    {
        public BITMAPINFOHEADER(ushort bpp, int height, int width)
        {
            biBitCount = bpp;
            biWidth = width;
            biHeight = height;

            biSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
            biPlanes = 1; // must be 1
            biCompression = 0; // no compression
            biSizeImage = 0; // no compression, so can be 0
            biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
            biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
            biClrUsed = 0;
            biClrImportant = 0;
        }

        public void Store(BinaryWriter bw)
        {
            Store(bw, null);
        }

        public void Store(BinaryWriter bw, uint[] colorPalette)
        {
            // Must maintain order for file writing
            bw.Write(biSize);
            bw.Write(biWidth);
            bw.Write(biHeight);
            bw.Write(biPlanes);
            bw.Write(biBitCount);
            bw.Write(biCompression);
            bw.Write(biSizeImage);
            bw.Write(biXPelsPerMeter);
            bw.Write(biYPelsPerMeter);
            bw.Write(biClrUsed);
            bw.Write(biClrImportant);

            // write color palette if 8 bpp or less
            if (biBitCount <= 8)
            {
                if (colorPalette == null)
                    throw new ArgumentNullException("bpp is 8 or less, color palette is required");

                uint paletteCount = BITMAPFILEHEADER.CalcPaletteSize(biBitCount) / 4;
                if (colorPalette.Length < paletteCount)
                    throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("bpp is 8 or less, color palette must contain {0} colors", paletteCount));

                foreach (uint color in colorPalette)
                    bw.Write(color);
            }
        }

        public uint biSize;
        public int biWidth;
        public int biHeight;
        public ushort biPlanes;
        public ushort biBitCount;
        public uint biCompression;
        public uint biSizeImage;
        public int biXPelsPerMeter;
        public int biYPelsPerMeter;
        public uint biClrUsed;
        public uint biClrImportant;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct BITMAPFILEHEADER
    {
        public BITMAPFILEHEADER(BITMAPINFOHEADER info, out uint sizeOfImageData)
        {
            bfType = 0x4D42;  // Microsoft supplied value to indicate Bitmap 'BM'
            bfReserved1 = 0;
            bfReserved2 = 0;

            // calculate amount of space needed for color palette
            uint paletteSize = CalcPaletteSize(info.biBitCount);

            bfOffBits = 54 + paletteSize; // default value + paletteSize

            // calculate size of image
            sizeOfImageData = (uint)(CalcRowSize(info.biWidth * info.biBitCount) * info.biHeight);
            bfSize = sizeOfImageData + bfOffBits;
        }

        private static int CalcRowSize(int bits)
        {
            return ((((bits) + 31) / 32) * 4);
        }

        public static uint CalcPaletteSize(int bpp)
        {
            // 8 bpp or less, needs an uint per color
            if (bpp <= 8)
                return 4 * (uint)Math.Pow(2, bpp);

            // no palette needed for 16bpp or higher
            return 0;
        }

        public void Store(BinaryWriter bw)
        {
            // Must maintain order for file writing
            bw.Write(bfType);
            bw.Write(bfSize);
            bw.Write(bfReserved1);
            bw.Write(bfReserved2);
            bw.Write(bfOffBits);
        }

        public ushort bfType;
        public uint bfSize;
        public short bfReserved1;
        public short bfReserved2;
        public uint bfOffBits;
    }

    public static byte[] GetByteArray(Bitmap image)
    {
        IntPtr hbmOld;
        IntPtr hBitmap;
        IntPtr hDC;

        // create infoheader
        BITMAPINFOHEADER bih = new BITMAPINFOHEADER(1, image.Height, image.Width);
        // set black and white for 1 bit color palette

        // create fileheader and get data size
        uint sizeOfImageData;
        BITMAPFILEHEADER bfh = new BITMAPFILEHEADER(bih, out sizeOfImageData);

        // create device context in memory
        hDC = Win32.CreateCompatibleDC(IntPtr.Zero);

        // create a 1 bpp DIB
        IntPtr pBits = IntPtr.Zero;
        hBitmap = Win32.CreateDIBSection(hDC, ref bih, 1, ref pBits, IntPtr.Zero, 0);

        // selet DIB into device context
        hbmOld = Win32.SelectObject(hDC, hBitmap);

        using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromHdc(hDC))
        {
             g.DrawImage(image, 0, 0);
        }

        byte[] imageData = new byte[sizeOfImageData];
        byte[] fileData;

        using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream((int)bfh.bfSize))
        {
            using (BinaryWriter w = new BinaryWriter(ms))
            {
                bfh.Store(w);
                // store bitmapinfoheader with 1 bpp color palette for black and white
                bih.Store(w, new uint[] { (uint)0x0, (uint)0xffffff });

                // copy image data into imageData buffer
                Marshal.Copy(pBits, imageData, 0, imageData.Length);

                // write imageData to stream
                w.Write(imageData);

                w.Close();
            }

            fileData = ms.GetBuffer();
            ms.Close();
        }

        // select old object
        if (hbmOld != IntPtr.Zero)
            Win32.SelectObject(hDC, hbmOld);

        // delete memory bitmap
        if (hBitmap != IntPtr.Zero)
            Win32.DeleteObject(hBitmap);

        // delete memory device context
        if (hDC != IntPtr.Zero)
            Win32.DeleteDC(hDC);

        return fileData;
    }
}

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