为什么 JaCoCo 没有涵盖我的 String switch 语句?

问题描述

我有一个从 String 中提取寻址模式的 switch 语句，并且我已经编写了单元测试来涵盖，我认为这是所有可能发生的事情，但 JaCoCo 似乎跳过我的 switch 语句，导致覆盖率较低.

为什么，如果我的所有 case 语句(包括默认值)都在测试中执行，那么 switch 语句不会算作命中吗?

对于字符串切换

类乐趣{静态 int 乐趣(字符串 s){开关 (s) {案例我":返回 1；案例A":返回 2；案例Z":返回 3；案例ABS":返回 4；案例IND":返回 5；默认:返回 6；}}}

Oracle Java 编译器生成的字节码类似于以下代码(Eclipse Compiler for Java 生成的字节码略有不同)

 int c = -1;开关(s.hashCode()){案例 65://+1 分支if (s.equals("I"))//+2 个分支c = 0;休息;案例 73://+1 分支if (s.equals("A"))//+2 个分支c = 1;休息;案例 90://+1 分支if (s.equals("Z"))//+2 个分支c = 2;休息;案例 64594://+1 分支if (s.equals("ABS"))//+2 个分支c = 3;休息;案例 72639://+1 分支if (s.equals("IND"))//+2 个分支c = 4;休息;默认值://+1 分支}开关 (c) {case 0://+1 分支返回 1；案例 1://+1 分支返回 2；案例 2://+1 分支返回 3；案例 3://+1 分支返回 4；案例 4://+1 分支返回 5；默认值://+1 分支返回 6；}

因此，具有 6 个 case 的原始 switch 语句在字节码中由 String 的 hashCode 的 6 个 case 加上 5 个 if 语句加上另一个具有 6 个 case 的 switch 表示案例.要查看此字节码，您可以使用 javap -c.

JaCoCo 执行字节码分析，并且在低于 0.8.0 的版本中没有按字符串切换的过滤器.您的测试涵盖 if 语句中的条件评估为 true 的情况，但不包括它们评估为 false 的情况.就我个人而言，我建议简单地忽略丢失的情况，因为目标不是测试编译器生成正确的代码，而是测试您的应用程序是否正确运行.但是为了这个答案的完整性 - 这里是涵盖所有字节码分支的测试:

import org.junit.Test;导入静态 org.junit.Assert.*；公共类 FunTest {@测试公共无效测试(){//原始字符串:assertEquals(1, Fun.fun("I"));assertEquals(2, Fun.fun("A"));assertEquals(3, Fun.fun("Z"));assertEquals(4, Fun.fun("ABS"));assertEquals(5, Fun.fun("IND"));//相同的哈希码，但不同的字符串:assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("I"));assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("A"));assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("Z"));assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("ABS"));assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("IND"));//不同的哈希码来覆盖开关的默认情况assertEquals(6, Fun.fun(""));}}

JaCoCo 0.7.9 生成的报告作为证明:

I have a switch statement that extracts an addressing mode from a String and I've written unit tests to cover, what I thought was every eventuality but JaCoCo seems to skip my switch statements, resulting in lower coverage.

Why, if all my case statements, including a default are being executed in tests, would the switch statement not be counted as hit?

For the switch by String

class Fun  {
  static int fun(String s) {
    switch (s) {
      case "I":
        return 1;
      case "A":
        return 2;
      case "Z":
        return 3;
      case "ABS":
        return 4;
      case "IND":
        return 5;
      default:
        return 6;
    }
  }
}

Oracle Java compiler generates bytecode similar to the following code (Eclipse Compiler for Java generates slightly different bytecode)

    int c = -1;
    switch (s.hashCode()) {
      case 65: // +1 branch
        if (s.equals("I")) // +2 branches
          c = 0;
        break;
      case 73: // +1 branch
        if (s.equals("A")) // +2 branches
          c = 1;
        break;
      case 90: // +1 branch
        if (s.equals("Z")) // +2 branches
          c = 2;
        break;
      case 64594: // +1 branch
        if (s.equals("ABS")) // +2 branches
          c = 3;
        break;
      case 72639: // +1 branch
        if (s.equals("IND")) // +2 branches
          c = 4;
        break;
      default: // +1 branch
    }
    switch (c) {
      case 0: // +1 branch
        return 1;
      case 1: // +1 branch
        return 2;
      case 2: // +1 branch
        return 3;
      case 3: // +1 branch
        return 4;
      case 4: // +1 branch
        return 5;
      default: // +1 branch
        return 6;
    }

So that original switch-statement with 6 cases is represented in bytecode by a switch with 6 cases for hashCode of String plus 5 if-statements plus another switch with 6 cases. To see this bytecode you can use javap -c.

JaCoCo performs analysis of bytecode and in versions lower than 0.8.0 has no filter for switch by string. Your tests cover cases, where conditions in if-statements evaluate to true, but not the cases where they evaluate to false. Personally I would advise to simply ignore missing cases, because the goal is not to test that compiler generates proper code, but to test that your application behaves correctly. But for a sake of completeness of this answer - here is tests that cover all bytecode branches:

import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class FunTest {
  @Test
  public void test() {
    // original strings:
    assertEquals(1, Fun.fun("I"));
    assertEquals(2, Fun.fun("A"));
    assertEquals(3, Fun.fun("Z"));
    assertEquals(4, Fun.fun("ABS"));
    assertEquals(5, Fun.fun("IND"));

    // same hash codes, but different strings:
    assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("I"));
    assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("A"));
    assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("Z"));
    assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("ABS"));
    assertEquals(6, Fun.fun("IND"));

    // distinct hash code to cover default cases of switches
    assertEquals(6, Fun.fun(""));
  }
}

And report generated by JaCoCo 0.7.9 as a proof:

JaCoCo version 0.8.0 provides filters, including filter for bytecode that javac produces for switch by string. And so generates following report even without additional tests:

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